Japan Westernization Paper Essay Example for Free

Japan Westernization Paper EssayPrompt Discuss feasible reasons why Japan was the only non-western state to nationalize and win recognition as an equal and how it managed to accomplish this in a mere half century. thesis Being aware of recent Western invasions in China, Japan had recognized the need to transform their institutions and its society, therefore, Japan embraced nationalism. By 1649, Japan had shut down rival with the European world with the exception of a Dutch outpost on Deshima Island in Nagaski harbor (this outpost however, was only all in allowed to receive one ship all year). The Japanese also allowed the Chinese to trade at Nagasaki (only under severe restrictions) and Korea could trade through the islands of Tusushima. Other than this however, Japan was isolated.In 1853, the U.S sent Commodore Matthew Perry (with 3 steam clean frigates) to force Japan into opening its ports to trade. Japan had lacked the technology to fight against the U.S and the Europea n powers that soon followed. Slowly (while being under pressure however), Japan opened more than ports granted extraterritorial rights and where able to determine Japans tariff polices. Like China, Japan seemed to be getting controlled by the European powers. However, young, vigorous leadership took control of the government of Japan forcing a dramatic reconstruction of the nations polices, administration, class structure, economy, technology and culture. These leaders tended to be young samurai warriors in the han (feudal estates) of Choshu and Satsuma.The samurai were able to employ roughly of the technological information introduced by the Dutch from their station in Nagasaki harbor (the shogunate had established an office for translating Dutch material in 1811) and by 1840, some(prenominal) of the Japanese were already casting Western guns and artillery. A new leader, Sakuma Zozan (one of the advocates of adopting Western military methods) believed that opening the country w as necessary and beneficial. However, not everyone had agreed. In 1860 a separate of samurai (from the conservative han of Mito) argued a different opinion and eventually, Mito loyalists assassinated Sakuma. In 1868, forces of Choshu and Satusma (along with several more remote hans) took control of the emperors palace in Kyoto and say the end of shogunate. The emperor was put back into imperial power.

Free

fire Will vs Determinism EssayThe debate, reposition result versus determinism, has been long debated for centuries. Free will is a concept that holds individuals responsible for the transaction and decisions of their lives. Adversely, other individuals believe ones life is predetermined. For the purpose of this essay I will prepargon dialogue between myself and philosopher Socrates. I will withal define free will and determinism. The Dialogue XXXXXX Determinism is interpreted as the philosophical theory or doctrine in which an individual believes that action from humans are unavoidable occurrences in nature are more than likely caused by preceding issuings or natural laws. XXXXXX Free Will is the qualification of humans to pack freedom freedom to make choices freely without the influence of others or nature better said, as the ability to act freely within limits. XXXXXX No. I do not agree that all event has an explanatory cause. I would like to think its fair to say not every event or situation warrants an explanation. Lets say, for example, God developed in mind or physically, tenner Eve, also accommodated them a garden with every fruit, with the censure of forbidden fruits. In consequence, they disobeyed.A fair argument would be that there is no way to argue an explanatory cause in connection with Adams Eves selection free will came into existence. XXXX Id say birth, wedding and funerals would be examples of events XXXX Explanatory cause would suggest keister every event that occurs has an explanation to persuade an explanation for why events happen. XXXXX As referenced previously, I dont agree with explanatory causes for events that happen in human life. Only selected events have an explanatory cause such as death, for example.Death was already predetermined at which time man was created. XXXXX Choices of humans is the ability to make sound decisions without influence, freedom of choice. In this day and age humans are held to the highest d egree of responsibility for their own actions. Judicial systems have been put into bum for this very reason. Events occur from human action or choices. Absolutely, Choice and events are completely different. XXXX Absolutely not Socrates, It is not a known fact that every action has an explanatory cause is completed dependently.Some actions may be simply due to determinism however, at the same instance may be in connection with ones free will. Murder would be great example. This would be a solely act carried out by an individual free will. XXXXx Exempt from external authority, an individuals will, unrestricted. Free. XXXX Absolutely, why not despite individuals having the freedom of choice, within limits due to higher existing authority. Its reasonable to bring to the conclusion that free will is not completely free, external influences do exist.The two can coexist. XXXX Possibly determinism but not internal free will. Free will cannot be classified as internal or external factors. In Conclusion, determinism vs. free will is a debate that has been debated over centuries. This debate will continue to obtain conflicting attention for many years to come from a variety of people. In this paper I have discussed briefly the comment of free will and determinism. I have also presented dialogue between the deceased Socrates and myself in attempt to shed more on this highly disputable topic.

Study Of Variable Valve Timing Engineering Essay

Study Of Variable Valve Timing locomotiveering EssayVariable Valve Timing is a tool in which the lift, du dimensionn or timing of either the wasting disease or run over valves or both croup be altered in some(prenominal) combinations during engine operation. This is not possible for an engine with fixed intake and exhaust valves. An engine with VVT installed helps in improving engine performance over a wider outrank of the engine operating spectrum. In this paper, the effect of VVTs on gasoline as well as diesel engines were discussed and also comp atomic number 18d to their series counter transgresss. For a diesel engine, it was ascertained that with the introduction of a VVT, higher(prenominal) go off-line and blaze pressures were achieved with inadvertently led to a better engine performance along with let down smoke density and higher torque at low securenesss. Minute variations in CO, NOx and PM emissions were observed. However at integral- commitment operation, NO x emissions had change magnitude marginally. In the slip-up of the gasoline engine, it was observed that there wasnt any significant improvement in the CO and NOx emissions. However, the engine torque had increased particularly at low recreates and at incomplete load. This was complimented by a decrease in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc).INTRODUCTIONThe valves in 4-Stroke IC Engines argon mostly spring operated 1. The coal scuttle and closing of these valves is governed by the crankshaft which is machine-accessible to the valves through an intermediary camshaft which is attached to every valve through a cam. The amount of fuel that enters the combustion chamber is dependent upon valve timing. The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft by using any one of gears, chains or belts. In conventional engines without VVT, the cam lobe shape and position as well as it profile are tuned for a particular engine speed and this usually compromises high-end torque or low-end power. However, with the introduction of VVT, the cam characteristics, e.g. timing, can be altered. Thus, this allows for better engine efficiency and power at variable engine speeds 2.This is workful especially at high speed operation where a car requires to a greater extent air in order to verbalize the undeniable power. If lesser amount of air were to be entered at high speeds, there would a considerable decrease in performance. However, if the valves were to be kept candid for a longer duration, there would be a case of incomplete combustion inside the combustion chamber at low speeds since the pressure involve to attain proper combustion of fuel is insufficient. This again results in reduced engine performance as well as an increase in fuel emissions 2.Modern emission regulations set by various governments have forced several manufacturers to adopt VVT in their engines. Most of the current car manufacturers have espouse VVT engine systems.The popular VVT mechanisms are classifie d into purely mechanical, electro-mechanical and hydraulic. Purely mechanical VVT systems are further classified into Oscillating Cam, Eccentric Cam Drive, Three-Dimensional Cam Lobe and Two sleep together Combined Profile 2.TYPES OF VVTsPurely MechanicalIn this type of VVT, the valve timing is operated by mechanical means. It is further subdivided intoOscillating CamThis method involves using either a conventional cam lobe or an eccentric and connecting rod which generates oscillatory motion on part cam lobe which is connected to the follower and thus, the valve. The part lobe is made up of a dent each of base circle and lobe flank. The position of the part cam lobe can be varied depending on whether zero lift and zero position are required in which case the part cam lobe is completely base circle. The exact opposite situation is maximum duration at full lift in which case it is fully flank. BMWs Valvetronic, Toyota Valvematic( both conventional) and Nissan VVEL( eccentric and co nnecting rod) are variations of this method. The Valvetronic is very dependable however the lift duration is dependent on amount of lift. Hence its only use on intake valves. The Valvematic and the VVEL are more compact while delivering the same performance as the Valvetronic 2.Eccentric Cam DriveThe Rover Company is the only smart set in history to have ever used this version of VVT. In this method, an eccentric disc mechanism is used which can vary the angular speed of the cam. The lesser the angular speed, the greater the duration of lift. The disadvantage of this method is that its expensive as each valve requires its own controller 2.Three-Dimensional Cam LobeThis system comprises of an axially lengthen cam lobe which has shorter duration profile and a greater duration profile at either ends. Thus, valve lift duration can be varied by tilting the cam lobe axially. However, such(prenominal) a system requires the follower to tilt in various directions as the lobe flanks of the cam lobe are not parallel to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. This problem has never been rectify which is why its not used commercially 2.Two Shaft Combined ProfileIn this system, two closely arranged camshafts are used. The angular positions of the camshaft with think of to the crankshaft can be arranged by using a phasing mechanism. A follower connects both camshafts and is operated by the two lobes simultaneously. The two lobes are used for the intake and exhaust valves respectively. The disadvantage of this system is that the settings on one lobe may affect the other thus tampering the entire system. It has yet to be used commercially 2.Electro-mechanicalCamless engines use this type of VVT in which the valve opening and closing is achieved by using electro-magnets. The disadvantages of this systems are deceleration of the valve is hard to achieve, springs used in the valves have to adjusted to the smallest of margins and finally, the use of electromagnets reduces the en gine efficiency 2.HydraulicAnother system developed as an alternative to cam engines. In this system, the pressure of the liquid is used to activate valves. However, this system has its disadvantages. The verve required to operate a highly active hydraulic system under different circumstances is very high. The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid can vary over different temperatures. The use of springs deters high engine speed generation. The adequate operation of this system requires the aid of powerful computers and accurate sensors 2.GASOLINE ENGINES WITH VVT INSTALLEDVVT was installed in a gasoline engine and it was observed that for optimal performance, the inlet valve the inlet valve closing(IC) and the exhaust valve(EC) opening periods have to be optimised. The maximum temperature and pressure obtained in the combustion chamber is a result of IC optimisation. Optimal timing for each valve is dependent on engine speed. This characteristic is shown for both IC and EO at part load as well as full load through figures 1 and 2.CUsersUSERDesktopoptimal EO vs engine speed.png habitus 1 Optimal EO Vs Engine pep pill3CUsersUSERDesktopOptimal IC vs engine speed.pngFigure 2 Optimal IC Vs Engine Speed3Figures 3,4,5 and 6 compare tortuousness produced, bsfc, CO emissions and NOx emissions respectively for a blueprint engine and an engine with VVT installed at full load.CUsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed, full load petrol.pngFigure 3 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full loadCUsersUSERDesktopbsfc vs engine speed,full load petrol.pngFigure 4 bsfc vs Engine Speed at full load3CUsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, full load petrol.pngFigure 5 CO emissions Vs Engine Speed at full load 3CUsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, full load petrol.pngFigure 6 NOx emissions Vs Engine Speed at full load 3Its observed that VVT has little or no effect on the CO or NOx emissions. However, the torque produced has increased by 6% accompanied by a bsfc decrease of 2% 3.Similarly at part load, the torque produced, bsfc, CO and NOx emissions were compared for both engines and the results are indicated in figures 7,8,9 and 10 respectively.CUsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed, part load petrol.pngFigure 7 Torque produced vs Engine Speed at part load3CUsersUSERDesktopbsfc vs engine speed, part load petrol.pngFigure 8 bsfc vs Engine Speed at part load 3CUsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, part load petrol.pngFigure 9 CO emissions Vs Engine Speed at part load 3CUsersUSERDesktopNOx emissions vs engine speed, part load petrol.pngFigure 10 Nox emissions Vs Engine Speed at part load 3At partial load, its observed that the torque increases by 4% and 3% when the engine is rotating at 2000rpm and 5000rpm respectively complemented by a bsfc decrease of 6% and 14%.The main advantage of the VVT for a gasoline engine is maximum torque can be achieved at a lower speed of rotation 3.DIESEL ENGINES WITH VVT INSTALLEDThere are a number of factors which have hampered the research of VVT in diesel engines. Two of those factors are the complexity of VVT engineering and the rapid evolution of diesel engine technology. Due to the lean nature of air fuel mixture, diesel engines emit much less CO as compared to their gasoline counterparts. This is because of the absence of unburnt hydrocarbons in the mixture. However, due to higher temperatures involved in diesel engines owing to higher compression ratios, NOx are much more prominent as compared to gasoline engines 4.Since diesel engines operate under higher compression ratios, the gap between the valves and the top of the piston at Top groundless Centre (TDC) is very minimal. Therefore, the VVT has to be designed such that there is no contact between the valves and the piston.Figure 11 shows the variation of torque with engine speed by only varying the inlet valve closingCUsersUSERDesktoptorque vs speed, IC diesel.pngFigure 11 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load with in let valve closing control 4It is observed particularly at low engine speeds that the maximum torque increases at low speeds. In this case, there was a 6% increase in torque at 1000rpm and 8% increase at 1600rpm.A similar pattern is observed by controlling the exhaust valve opening (EO) as well as the combined control of EO and IC. This is indicated in figures 12 13 repectively.CUsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed EO diesel.pngFigure 12 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load with EO control 4CUsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed EO,IC- diesel.pngFigure 13 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load by controlling EO ICAt part load is was observed that by closing the inlet valve before Bottom lifeless Centre (BDC), the bsfc had reduced 4.Figure 14 shows the effect of IC timing on effective compression ratio after the installation of VVT.CUsersUSERDesktopCompression ratio IC- diesel.pngFigure 14 Effect Of IC Timing On Effective Compression Ratio 4It is clear from figure 14 that by adv ancing the IC after BDC the compression ratio increases inside the combustion chamber.CONCLUSIONThe need for Variable Valve Timing has been discussed in detail. The various types of VVTs popularly have been discussed briefly. Most of mod vehicles use VVTs mainly due to legislation. The effect of using VVT in a gasoline as well as a diesel engine was analysed and explained accordingly. It was sight that though there wasnt any appreciable decrease in emissions, the maximum torque produced was attained at a lower speed compared to their series counterparts. Also, the bsfc in both cases had been reduced.

Porous Silicon p-type with Different Current Density

permeable ti p-type with Different Current DensityPhotoluminescence and Band Energy Gap For Porous Silicon p-type with Different Current Densityand Different Etching Time1Mohammed Jabbar Hussein, *1W. Mahmood Mat Yunus, 2Halimah Mohamed Kamari3Josephine Liew Ying Chyl,AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) for holey silicon lead to studied by many interrogationer .this phenomenon which has application in many devices. Porous silicon can be used in the optoelectronic devices and sensor. Therefore, the study to development holey silicon is very necessary,. In this study, porous silicon was active by chemical etch used silicon , the based electrolyte was ued HF acid with ethanol 11 . The porous silicon was characterized by Photoluminescence Spectrometer (PLS) and (SEM) Microscope. The range of the porosity (20.33 78.2) % and it is dependent on true denseness and print time. The has Band quip cypher which is from 1.81 ev to 2.o7 ev , the mob cattle farm energy is increased wit h change magnitude certain tautness and increasing etch timeIntroductionSince the discovery of visible luminescence in the room temperature 15, porous silicon (PS) has become a subject of considerable interest, optoelectronic device 6,7. many several methods 810 for fabricating PS from crystalline silicon wafers. The electrochemical etching 1,8. Both method is the difference between them the chemical etching without utilise the external bias, therefore, considered this method the localized electrochemical process chemically 11. Porous silicon was discovered in 1956 by Uhlir ( Uhlir 1956) while performing electro polishing experiments ,hydrofluoric acid (HF) was prepared in to silicon wafer by electrolyte containing . He found that beneath the fascinate conditions applied ongoing and solution composition , the silicon did not dissolve uniformly but instead fine holes were produced, porous silicon formation was obtained using electrochemical dissolution of silicon wafer in a queous or ethanoic HF solution The surface dependency of the PL energy , which explains the efficient luminescence , causes the peaks to sift towards the high energy or lower wavelength , as already reported 12,13 ,the red shift in PL peaks with decreasing average size of Si structure size in psi is considered to be strong evidence that the visible PL is caused by the quantum confinement effect 14 . The degree of the blue shift for psi usually depends forwardness condition , Si resistivity , substrate ,type and dopant concentration , which can cause different modification of psi microstructure during anodisation 15 The values of the band gap energy of the porous silicon are the same range of the reported ( 1.5ev to 2.5 ev) 16.17,18 In this work , porous silicon p-type was prepared by electrochemical etching technique and photoluminescence PL spectrometry was used to determine the wavelength the emitted light .Preparation porous siliconAll experiments were prepared on (100) n- type silicon (Si) single crystal wafers of 537 thickness. Silicon substrates were cleaned by sonification for 5min in ethanol, and acetone. A Si substrate was placed at the bottom of a cylindrical Teflon cell and fixed by an aluminium eggshell as a backing material. A platinum (Pt) rod serves as a cathode perpendicular to the Si surface at a distance of (1cm). The samples were prepared with constant current, density, and etching time at a concentration of ethanol ( in the volume ratio of 11. Theaside is an essential ingredient for the anodical etching of . fermentation alcohol was added into electrolyte to enhance the homogeneity and uniformity of the () surface because it acts as a promoting agent to increase the wettability of () surface and to remove the extraneous H2 bubbles that appear during the anodical etching process. In fact, ethanic solutions pass through the pores, while purely aqueous HF solution does not. This is very important for the lateral homogeneity and the u niformity in depth of the () layer. A digital current source () was used to supply constant current. Figure (1) visual aspects the schematic diagram of all the elements used for the preparation of (). To generate the electron hole pairs, the surface of sample was illuminated with halogen lamp () during iodisation. For all samples, a voltage of was applied to the halogen lamp for illumination. The current densities used for samples are 10 mA/cm2, 20 mA/cm2, and 30 mA/cm2 with etching times of 20mins, 40mins, 60mins, and 80mins. HF based electrolyte Pt electrode Teflon cell Si wafer Current source AL plateFigure 1 Schematic of electrochemical etching cell for iodisation of () samplesFigure (2)porous silicon (). a without light .b)with light .c) after remove the porous . Figure(3) SEM images of PSi a) silicon wafer as carapace 1m, b)-porous silicon (). as scale. c) porous silicon as scale 500 nm .d) porous silicon as scale .Results and discussionThe optical properties of psi s amples electrochemically etched at three different current density and by varying etching time. Figures (4- a,b,and c) shows the variant of PL spectra with etching time for the psi samples obtained at the current density 10 mA /cm2 , 20 mA/cm 2, and 30 mA/cm2. The intense luminescence spectra emitted from porous silicon structures formed on the samples. The pl peaks show a steady red color shift from 500 nm to 800 nm with increasing the etching time .,Figures (4-a,b,c) PL peaks for porous silicon samples prepared under differnet etching time with the current density a) 10 ma/cm2 ,b)20 mA/cm2 ,c)30 mA/cm2. respectivelyThe Figure (5) show the PL spectra of samples prepared by current density of 10, 20 and 30 , respectively ..The band gap energy () was inferred from (PL) wavelength () using (. the relationship between band energy gap with the current density and etching time is increased the band energy gap when the current density and etching time increasing 19 . Figure (5-a,b) show the energy gap () variation of psi samples as a share of etching time and current density , respectivelyFigures (5-a,b) Band energy gap as a function to a) etching time with different current density ,b) currents density with the different etching time . RespectivelyFigure (6) show the band energy gap versus the porosity for three different current density of the samples and deferent etching time. The band gap energy value is not linearly increased with increasing porosity because the change in the structure size of the silicon. The results show the dependency of the band gab energy value to the current density especially in high porosity 16Figure (6) .band gap energy as a function to porosity with different current density.Table (1) .the values of porosity, band gap energy, and PL peaks intensity for porous silicon with different current density and different etching timeTable (1) shows that the band gap energy increases from ( 1.82 ,1.90,194,and 1.97 ) ev to (1.86,1.91,196,and 2,01) in etching time (20,40,60,and 80 )min respectively when the current density increasing from 10 to 20 ,also the increases the band energy gap from ( 1.86,1.93,196,and 2,01) ev to ( 1.93,1.97,2.01 ,and 2.07 ) in the etching time20,40,60,and 80 )min respectively when the current density increasing from 20 to 30. The results show an increase the band energy gap when the etching time increasing. That mean the band energy gap depended of the current density and etching time . the results shown the band gap energy is increased with etching time , it is increase from (1.82,1.86,and 1.93 ) ev to (1.90 , 1.93 , and 1.97 ) ev in the current density (10,20,and 30) mA/cm2 respectively when the etching time increasing from 20 min to 40 min . as well to some other etching time from 40 min to 60 min and from 60 min to 80min .Conclusion.In summary. The results show for the effects the etching time and current density to the band energy gap and the porosity. In this experimental the band ener gy gap is increased with increasing the current density the band gap energy increases from ( 1.81 ,1.88,194,and 1.99 ) ev to (1.86,1.91,196,and 2,01) in etching time (20,40,60,and 80 )min respectively when the current density increasing from 10 to 20 , . as well to another current density ,also the band energy gab is increased from (1.81,1.86,and 1.93 )ev to (1.88 , 1.91 , and 1.97 ) ev in the current density (10,20,and 30) mA/cm2 respectively when the etching time increasing from 20 min to 40 min . as well to another etching time .AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank Physics Department in the University Putra Malaysia for providing the research fealties.References1Canham, L.. (1990). Silicon quantum wire Applied Physics Letters,57(10), 1046-1048.2Lehmann, V., Gsele, U. (1991). Porous silicon formation A quantum wire effect.Applied Physics Letters,58(8), 856-858.3 Searson, P. C., Macaulay, J. M., Ross, F. M. (1992). Pore morphology and the mechanism ledger of applied phy sics,72(1), 253-258.4 Hummel, R. E., Morrone, A., Ludwig, M., Chang, S. S. (1993). On the origin of photoluminescence Applied physics letters,63(20), 2771-2773.5 Caldern, A., Alvarado-Gil, J. J., Gurevich, Y. ., Cruz-Orea, A., Delgadillo, Vargas, ., Miranda, L. (1997). Photo-thermal characterization .Physical Review Letters,79(25), 5022.6 Joubert, P., Abouliatim, A., Guyader, P., Briand, D., Lambert, B., Guendouz, M. (1995). Growth and luminescence of n-. Films,255(1), 96-98.7Lockwood, D. J. (1994). Optical properties of porous silicon.Solid State Communications,92(1), 101-112.8 Beale, M. I. J., Benjamin, J. D., Uren, M. J., Chew, N. G., Cullis, A. G. (1985). An experimental and porous silicon.Journal of crystallisation Growth,73(3), 622-636.9 Hummel, R. E., Chang, S. S. (1992). Novel technique Applied physics letters,61(16), 1965-1967.10Maeda, Y., Tsukamoto, N., Yazawa, Y., Kanemitsu, Y., Masumoto, Y. (1991). Visible photoluminescence matrices.Applied physics letters,59(24 ), 3168-3170.).11Lemus, R.G., Rodriguez, C.H., Hander, F.B. and Duart, J.M.M. 2002. Anodic and optical characterisation . Solar Energy Materials Solar Cell 72495-50112 Bisi, O., Ossicini, S., Pavesi, L. (2000). Porous silicon a quantum Surface science reports,38(1), 1-126.13 Nguyen, T. P., Le Rendu, P., Tran, V. H., Parkhutik, V., Esteve, R. F. (2000). Electrical and optical . silicon structures.Journal of Porous Materials,7(1-3), 393-396.14 Hirschman, K. D., Tsybeskov, L., Duttagupta, S. P., Fauchet, P. M. (1996). Silicon-based visible light..microelectronic circuits.15 Bernini, U., Lettieri, Maddalena, P., Vitiello., Francia. (2001). Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of porous Journal of Physics Condensed Matter,13(5), 1141.16 Rajabi, M., Dariani, R. S. (2009). Current improvement Journal of Porous Materials,16(5), 513-519.17 Sheng, C. K., Mahmood Mat Yunus, W., Yunus, W. M. Z. W., Abidin Talib, Z., Kassim, A. (2008). Characterization of thermal. B Condensed Matter,403 (17), 2634-2638.18 Srinivasan, R., Jayachandran, M., Ramachandran, K. (2007). Photoacoustic studies ..Crystal Research and Technology,42(3), 266-274.19Ee, D. T. J., Sheng, C. K., Isa, M. I. N. (2011). Photoluminescence of porous ..Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences,15(2), 227-231.

Biography Of Three Leaders History Essay

Biography Of Three Leaders History EssayLim Goh Tong, founder of Genting Highland, was born in 1918 in Anxi, southeastern Fujian province, chinaware. He was the fifth child in his family. Times were bad derriere then during Xinhai Revolution. However, he was brought up peacefully and had the chance to go to school. When he was 16, his father passed away. He had no choice but to leave school, he and his elder brother had to work to feed the family.As China situation did not seems any better, he followed his cousin, Lim Kheng Chongs footstep to left China to Malaya in 1934 and worked for his uncle as a carpenter.Lim Goh Tong had a low extraversion personality. He was an introvert and a passive teenager. When he graduation came to Malaysia when he was 20, he was very shy, introvert and sensitive. He was in like manner emotionally unstable and had a hard time getting along with hatful. However, when he returned to China which was 1940 and came hold later the year, he tend to change a lot, he became more optimistic, positive and assertive in making his own future.He was also a person with high consciousness personality. He was organized, ambitious, hardworking and responsible. He was a very discipline man. He always got up early in the morning. alike that, whenever he had an appoint workforcet or a meeting, he liked to be punctual or arrived early before it started. Moreover, he organized his insouciant liveness orderly, he always carried a small note book with him and whenever he thought of something, he would write it down. Last but not least, he always did things on his own without needing other to remind him of it.Lim Goh Tong was a task-oriented leader. He was the one who took change and providing direction to subordinates about what they had to do to get the job done. When he first got the approvals from the governments, he began his extremely large project which was the contruction of Genting Highlands. Despite many difficultys occurred during the c onstruction, Lim Goh Tong managed to solve all of it and got the job done even though he had to overhaul all he had without any income.Lim Goh Tong was an ethical leader. He loved to facilitate people, especially those with problems. Whenever people with financial problem went to him for help, he would never turn his back on them. He would do anything he could to help these people. He was a poor man once and he knew the feeling of being poor and no one is willing to help.From what I identifyt, Lim Goh Tong was a prominent man and also a great leader. he taught us to be polite, humble and respectful to others. Besides that, we must believe in ourselves, if we forecast it is the right thing to do, just go ahead and do it. He also taught me to trust people if I wanted to work with them, because in the end, there are two things I will get, a really good friend or a life time experience.Caucasian leader Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was born on 20th April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria -Hungary, the fourth out of six children in his family. He became a pol and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party also know as the Nazi Party in 1921. He was then became the Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and divine serviced as Fuhrer of Germany from 1934 to 1945. At the start of World War Two, Hitler showed low agreeableness personality. Hitler was very aggressive and within three years, under his lead, his armies had occupied most of Europe, and most of Yankee Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. His armies also known as the Nazi forces engaged in many violent acts during the war. Some of them are the systematic dispatch of as many as 17 million civilians which included as lookd six million Jews targeted in the Holocaust and between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma, Poles, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, homosexuals, and other political and religious opponents.Almost to the end of World War Two, Hit ler showed high neuroticism personality. By late 1944, the Soviet army had forced the Germans back into Central Europe and on the other side, horse opera Allies were advancing into Germany. He then realized that Germany had lost the war. He ordered his men to take down all German industrial infrastructures before it fall into Allied hands. In April 1945, Soviet forces attacked Berlin. Hitlers followers wanted him to flee to the mountains of Bavaria but he was wanted to support in the capital. He then ordered his Twelfth Army which was fighting at the west to come to Berlin. By the end of the day on twenty-seventh April, Berlin was completely cut off from the rest of Germany. On 28th April, he discovered that one of his SS leaders Heinrich Himmler was trying to discuss surrender terms with the Western Allies. Worrying he might succeed, Hitler ordered an arrest on him and had his representative prosecuted. Later that day, his general reported that his army was not able to attacks t owards Berlin. On the thirtieth April 1945, when the Soviet were few blocks away, feared of being captured, Hitler committed suicide and his new bride, Eva Braun, joined him in suicide. Their bodies were then doused in gasoline by his followers and cremated as the Soviet was advancing.The Hersey and Blachards situation theory is used by Hitler during World War Two. His relationship with his men were good, they respected him and had high confidence that Hitler will lead them to win the war. His men were able and willing to fight for him which was why within three years, Germany and the Axis powers had occupied most of Europe, and most of Northern Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean.Adolf Hitler was an unethical leader as he was considered cold hearted and brutal. During the World War Two, he was responsible for the Holocaust that was the most known example for mass murder. It was the genocide of an estimate of six million European Jews. They were killed in the exter mination camps that were concentration camps built by the Hitlers Nazi Forces to kill millions by using gas.I learnt that we should take calamity as challenge for us to improve and not as a drawback. Besides that, we are living in a multicultural world we should learn to tolerate other culture in order to live in peace. Last but not least, we should take responsible for what we had done and face problem with courage.Non-Caucasian leader Liu BeiLiu Bei, one of the warlords during the Three Kingdom era, was born in 161 in a place called Zhua Commandery. Liu grew up in a poor family. When he was still a kid, his father passed away, he and his mother sold topographic point and straw mats to support themselves. Even so he was a child, he was very ambitious. He once told his friends that he would become an emperor. When he was 14, he was recognized for his potential in being a leader, went to study under a scholar called Lu Zhi.Even when he was young, he showed high conscientiousness personality. When he grew older, during the Yellow Turban Rebellion, he gathered a group of volunteer army to help the government forces to suppress the rebellion. This was when he met Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, two of his most loyal and outstanding followers. Liu and his army won several battles against the rebel. He was then appointed Prefect of Anxi, however, he resigned later on refusing to pay bribes to a corrupted inspector.Liu Bei also had a high agreeableness personality. He was kind, friendly, generous and also helpful. During hard times, he would make grass shoes for his followers to wear, this action gained himself lots of trust and loyal from his followers. heLiu Bei was a relationship-oriented leader. His relationship with his followers was very good. A lot of talented men came to serve Liu, for instance, Zhuge Liang and also the famous Five Tiger Generals. People came to him and served him willingly because he was widely known as kind hearted and humane leader who cared f or his people.Liu Bei was well known as a humane ruler during The Three Kingdom era. He cared about his people and would do whatever to protect them. For instance,during the time when Liu was retreating from Fancheng, many refugees followed him to Chang Ban. The refugees were retardant down his troop while Cao Caos army was not far behind. Instead of leaving them behind, he ordered his troops to protect the refugees. This showed the Liu Bei was an ethical leader.Liu Bei was one of the great lords of The Three Kingdoms. His friendly and passionate personality lead him to success, this is what I learnt from him. Besides that, he made me realized that friends is always there for you, during The Three Kingdom, Liu Beis comrades helped him became a lucky emperor. Besides that, Liu Bei was defected times after times before he became a successful emperor, therefore, I should never give up on things that I think is right.

The Cherokee Victory :: essays research papers

The Cherokee VictoryThe Cherokee Indians, the most cooperative and accommodating to the political institutions of the united states, suffered the worst fate of all endemic Americans when voluntarily or forcibly moved west. In 1827 the Cherokees attempted to claim themselves as an independent nation within the state of Georgia. When the legislature of the state all-encompassing jurisdiction over this nation, the Cherokees sought legal actions, not subject to Georgia laws and petitioned the United States Supreme Court. The case became known as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia in 1831. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall denied their claim as a republic within Georgia, he then deemed the Cherokee as a interior(prenominal) dependent nation. One year later through the case of Worcester vs. Georgia, the Cherokees were granted federal protection from the molestation by the state of Georgia. through and through the Indian Removal act in 1830 prexy Andrew Jackson appropriated planning and fun ding for the removal of Native Americans, Marshalls rulings delayed this for the Cherokee Nation, and infuriated President Jackson. Marshalls decision had little effect on Jackson and ignoring this action the president was anxious to see him enforce it.The federal government proceeded to attend a way around this decision and had three minor Cherokee chiefs sign the Treaty of New Echota in 1835 giving the Cherokee lands to the government for 5.6 gazillion dollars and free passage west. Congress got the treaty ratified by only one vote. Members of their tribes murdered all three chiefs who took part in the signing of the treaty. by and by this event there was not much the Cherokees could do and were forcibly moved west on what they called and are known today as the cart track of snap, which became a constitutional crisis in our history. In this instance the lack of cooperation between the branches of the government was the downfall for the Cherokee nation. The way the Cherokees w ere forced west caused losses of up to twenty percent of the nation. This figure is only a guess and scholars think it was more a third of the nation was lost. The Trail of Tears was also a morale issue in the United States, later having an impact on our history the way other Native American races in general are treated in the future.If Chief Justice John Marshall had claimed that in either case of Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia or Worcester vs.

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Depression 1) a state of feeling sad 2) a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and bootless and often is unable to live in a normal way. Depression is a disturbance in a persons feelings that will expand one to be unusually low, sad, or empty. Depressed mood is not classified as a psychiatric disorder although it could most certainly be a feature of clinical clinical depression. The state of low mood a person feels can lead to suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, loss of interest in activities that were once pleasurable, and several other symptoms (3). The introduction of psychoactive drugs in the 1950s started the era of using drugs to treat anxiety, psychosis, and the ever so popular, depression. The new answer for depression was quickly replaced from therapy, to drugs. After the creation of these drugs the world of psychiatry would forever be changed (1).The years following the surplus distribution of psychoactive drug s led to more research about these miracle drugs. Studies concluded that billions of neural networks in our brain atomic number 18 used to send and receive signals from other firing neurons (2). Several chemicals also called neurotransmitters are distributed throughout the brain. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin have been theorized to affect an individuals mood levels. Depression patients are claimed to have less serotonin than those who are not depressed (3). The problem with this assumed theory is that instead of developing a drug to treat an irregularity, an irregularity was developed to suit a drug. An exercise of this used elsewhere is by perhaps appealing that all aggravator conditions are a problem due to lack of opiates (9). Antidepressants are used... ...r it (5). Many the great unwashed do not realize that antidepressants are prescribed for other anxiety, neurological pain, fibromyalgia, and sleep problems. This should be taken in account when surveys are conducted as to how more antidepressants are prescribed (4). Antidepressants are serious drugs that should be prescribed when necessary and monitored carefully. In depression especially doctors should be sure that antidepressants will help their patients quite a than harm them. Medicine should be used to help those who truly need it and not just be prescribed endlessly. Confronting psychological and sometimes physical pain from depression is necessary. Managing some of this pain through psychotherapy might help alleviate the need for so many antidepressants. Overall antidepressants will probably persevere controversial and people should be educated about their pros and cons.